Research and development expenditure as a share of GDP
Country comparison of research and development expenditure as a share of gdp in 2023, using official World Bank WDI series GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS with source-defined units and coverage.
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Key Insights
- •84 ISO countries have a finite 2023 observation.
- •Israel is highest in the fixed-year data at 6.34589 %.
- •Guatemala is lowest in the fixed-year data at 0.00609 %.
Country Rankings
Top 10 Countries
Bottom 10 Countries
Data Analysis
Value Distribution
How countries are distributed across the value range
Regional Comparison
Average values by world region (Global avg: 1.3%)
Percentile Profile
The curve shows how values change from the lowest to the highest country. Steep sections reveal inequality or outliers.
About This Statistic
Gross domestic expenditures on research and development (R&D), expressed as a percent of GDP. They include both capital and current expenditures in the four main sectors: Business enterprise, Government, Higher education and Private non-profit. R&D covers basic research, applied research, and experimental development.
Values are fixed-year 2023 observations. Aggregates, nulls, non-finite values, non-ISO economies, and missing countries are excluded rather than estimated.
Methodology
Gross domestic expenditures on research and development (R&D), expressed as a percent of GDP. They include both capital and current expenditures in the four main sectors: Business enterprise, Government, Higher education and Private non-profit. R&D covers basic research, applied research, and experimental development.
Full Data
| Rank ↑ | Country ↕ | Value ↕ |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Israel | 6.3% |
| 2 | Liechtenstein | 6.0% |
| 3 | South Korea | 4.9% |
| 4 | Sweden | 3.6% |
| 5 | United States of America | 3.4% |
| 6 | Japan | 3.4% |
| 7 | Belgium | 3.3% |
| 8 | Austria | 3.3% |
| 9 | Switzerland | 3.2% |
| 10 | Germany | 3.2% |
| 11 | Finland | 3.1% |
| 12 | Denmark | 3.0% |
| 13 | United Kingdom | 2.7% |
| 14 | Iceland | 2.6% |
| 15 | People's Republic of China | 2.6% |
| 16 | Netherlands | 2.3% |
| 17 | France | 2.2% |
| 18 | Slovenia | 2.1% |
| 19 | Norway | 1.9% |
| 20 | Estonia | 1.8% |
| 21 | Czech Republic | 1.8% |
| 22 | Canada | 1.8% |
| 23 | Portugal | 1.7% |
| 24 | Ireland | 1.6% |
| 25 | Poland | 1.6% |
| 26 | New Zealand | 1.5% |
| 27 | Greece | 1.5% |
| 28 | Spain | 1.5% |
| 29 | Türkiye | 1.4% |
| 30 | Croatia | 1.4% |
| 31 | Italy | 1.4% |
| 32 | Hungary | 1.4% |
| 33 | Brazil | 1.2% |
| 34 | Hong Kong | 1.1% |
| 35 | Luxembourg | 1.1% |
| 36 | Lithuania | 1.0% |
| 37 | Slovakia | 1.0% |
| 38 | Egypt | 1.0% |
| 39 | Thailand | 0.9% |
| 40 | Russian Federation | 0.9% |
| 41 | Serbia | 0.9% |
| 42 | Latvia | 0.8% |
| 43 | Kenya | 0.8% |
| 44 | Bulgaria | 0.8% |
| 45 | Rwanda | 0.8% |
| 46 | Uruguay | 0.7% |
| 47 | Cyprus | 0.7% |
| 48 | Malta | 0.6% |
| 49 | Argentina | 0.6% |
| 50 | Belarus | 0.6% |
| 51 | Romania | 0.5% |
| 52 | Saudi Arabia | 0.5% |
| 53 | Uganda | 0.4% |
| 54 | Vietnam | 0.4% |
| 55 | Cuba | 0.4% |
| 56 | Algeria | 0.4% |
| 57 | Oman | 0.4% |
| 58 | The Republic of North Macedonia | 0.4% |
| 59 | Costa Rica | 0.3% |
| 60 | Ukraine | 0.3% |
| 61 | Macao | 0.3% |
| 62 | Mexico | 0.3% |
| 63 | Georgia | 0.3% |
| 64 | Mauritius | 0.2% |
| 65 | Moldova, Republic of | 0.2% |
| 66 | Bosnia and Herzegovina | 0.2% |
| 67 | Armenia | 0.2% |
| 68 | Azerbaijan | 0.2% |
| 69 | Peru | 0.2% |
| 70 | Pakistan | 0.2% |
| 71 | Panama | 0.2% |
| 72 | Mali | 0.1% |
| 73 | Kazakhstan | 0.1% |
| 74 | Paraguay | 0.1% |
| 75 | Uzbekistan | 0.1% |
| 76 | Bhutan | 0.1% |
| 77 | El Salvador | 0.1% |
| 78 | Burkina Faso | 0.1% |
| 79 | Kuwait | 0.1% |
| 80 | Lesotho | 0.1% |
| 81 | Turkmenistan | 0.1% |
| 82 | Kyrgyzstan | 0.1% |
| 83 | Myanmar | 0.0% |
| 84 | Guatemala | 0.0% |
Topics
Data Source
This data comes from World Bank, World Development Indicators (2023).
View Original Source