health2021
Annual mean population exposure to wildfire smoke (PM₂.₅)
Annual mean population exposure to wildfire smoke PM2.5 (µg/m³). Country-level estimates (2019–2022 era) show where smoke drives health risks.
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Key Insights
Global Average
0.8µg/m³
Median: 0.6µg/m³
Countries Covered
190
with available data
Highest
Madagascar
3.2µg/m³
Lowest
Bolivia
0.1µg/m³
Top 5 Countries
1Madagascar3.2µg/m³
2Bangladesh2.7µg/m³
3Democratic Republic of the Congo2.6µg/m³
4Indonesia2.5µg/m³
5Burundi2.4µg/m³
By Region
Oceania1.6µg/m³(2 countries)
Other0.9µg/m³(111 countries)
Asia0.8µg/m³(25 countries)
Africa0.8µg/m³(9 countries)
North America0.8µg/m³(4 countries)
Country Rankings
Top 10 Countries
Bottom 10 Countries
Data Analysis
Value Distribution
How countries are distributed across the value range
Low (0.1µg/m³)High (3.2µg/m³)
Regional Comparison
Average values by world region (Global avg: 0.8µg/m³)
Oceania (2)
Other (111)
Asia (25)
Africa (9)
North America (4)
South America (7)
Europe (32)
Percentile Profile
The curve shows how values change from the lowest to the highest country. Steep sections reveal inequality or outliers.
0th percentile · lowest100th percentile · highest
About This Statistic
Annual mean population exposure to wildfire smoke PM2.5 (µg/m³). Country-level estimates (2019–2022 era) show where smoke drives health risks. Source: Health Effects Institute (HEI) / Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME) — Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study (wildfire smoke PM2.5 exposure).
Methodology
Country values are taken from the latest observation available in the linked source series.
Full Data
| Rank ↑ | Country ↕ | Value ↕ |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Madagascar | 3.2µg/m³ |
| 2 | Bangladesh | 2.7µg/m³ |
| 3 | Democratic Republic of the Congo | 2.6µg/m³ |
| 4 | Indonesia | 2.5µg/m³ |
| 5 | Burundi | 2.4µg/m³ |
| 6 | Lao People's Democratic Republic | 2.4µg/m³ |
| 7 | Mozambique | 2.3µg/m³ |
| 8 | Solomon Islands | 2.3µg/m³ |
| 9 | South Sudan | 2.2µg/m³ |
| 10 | Australia | 2.2µg/m³ |
| 11 | Papua New Guinea | 2.1µg/m³ |
| 12 | Myanmar | 2.0µg/m³ |
| 13 | Malawi | 2.0µg/m³ |
| 14 | Republic of the Congo | 1.9µg/m³ |
| 15 | Somalia | 1.9µg/m³ |
| 16 | Gabon | 1.8µg/m³ |
| 17 | Cote d'Ivoire | 1.8µg/m³ |
| 18 | New Caledonia | 1.8µg/m³ |
| 19 | Brunei Darussalam | 1.8µg/m³ |
| 20 | Cambodia | 1.7µg/m³ |
| 21 | Cape Verde | 1.6µg/m³ |
| 22 | Malaysia | 1.6µg/m³ |
| 23 | Senegal | 1.6µg/m³ |
| 24 | United Republic of Tanzania | 1.6µg/m³ |
| 25 | Burkina Faso | 1.6µg/m³ |
| 26 | Guinea | 1.5µg/m³ |
| 27 | Mongolia | 1.5µg/m³ |
| 28 | Philippines | 1.5µg/m³ |
| 29 | Zambia | 1.5µg/m³ |
| 30 | Nigeria | 1.4µg/m³ |
| 31 | Thailand | 1.4µg/m³ |
| 32 | Afghanistan | 1.4µg/m³ |
| 33 | Ghana | 1.3µg/m³ |
| 34 | Vietnam | 1.3µg/m³ |
| 35 | Zimbabwe | 1.3µg/m³ |
| 36 | Central African Republic | 1.2µg/m³ |
| 37 | Nepal | 1.2µg/m³ |
| 38 | Peru | 1.2µg/m³ |
| 39 | Rwanda | 1.2µg/m³ |
| 40 | People's Republic of China | 1.1µg/m³ |
| 41 | Eritrea | 1.1µg/m³ |
| 42 | Mali | 1.1µg/m³ |
| 43 | Togo | 1.1µg/m³ |
| 44 | Brazil | 1.1µg/m³ |
| 45 | Canada | 1.0µg/m³ |
| 46 | Djibouti | 1.0µg/m³ |
| 47 | Kenya | 1.0µg/m³ |
| 48 | Lesotho | 1.0µg/m³ |
| 49 | Vanuatu | 1.0µg/m³ |
| 50 | Paraguay | 1.0µg/m³ |
| 51 | Sudan | 1.0µg/m³ |
| 52 | Uganda | 1.0µg/m³ |
| 53 | Andorra | 1.0µg/m³ |
| 54 | Belarus | 0.9µg/m³ |
| 55 | Republic of The Gambia | 0.9µg/m³ |
| 56 | India | 0.9µg/m³ |
| 57 | New Zealand | 0.9µg/m³ |
| 58 | Niger | 0.9µg/m³ |
| 59 | Guinea-Bissau | 0.9µg/m³ |
| 60 | Sierra Leone | 0.9µg/m³ |
| 61 | Eswatini | 0.9µg/m³ |
| 62 | United States of America | 0.9µg/m³ |
| 63 | Angola | 0.9µg/m³ |
| 64 | Bhutan | 0.9µg/m³ |
| 65 | Sri Lanka | 0.8µg/m³ |
| 66 | Colombia | 0.8µg/m³ |
| 67 | Cuba | 0.8µg/m³ |
| 68 | Kazakhstan | 0.8µg/m³ |
| 69 | Namibia | 0.8µg/m³ |
| 70 | Pakistan | 0.8µg/m³ |
| 71 | Egypt | 0.8µg/m³ |
| 72 | Belize | 0.8µg/m³ |
| 73 | Cayman Islands | 0.7µg/m³ |
| 74 | Chad | 0.7µg/m³ |
| 75 | Guyana | 0.7µg/m³ |
| 76 | Mauritania | 0.7µg/m³ |
| 77 | Mexico | 0.7µg/m³ |
| 78 | Russian Federation | 0.7µg/m³ |
| 79 | Suriname | 0.7µg/m³ |
| 80 | Uzbekistan | 0.7µg/m³ |
| 81 | Yemen | 0.7µg/m³ |
| 82 | Austria | 0.7µg/m³ |
| 83 | Botswana | 0.7µg/m³ |
| 84 | Equatorial Guinea | 0.6µg/m³ |
| 85 | Ethiopia | 0.6µg/m³ |
| 86 | Guatemala | 0.6µg/m³ |
| 87 | Islamic Republic of Iran | 0.6µg/m³ |
| 88 | Liberia | 0.6µg/m³ |
| 89 | Morocco | 0.6µg/m³ |
| 90 | Panama | 0.6µg/m³ |
| 91 | Saint Kitts and Nevis | 0.6µg/m³ |
| 92 | Saint Lucia | 0.6µg/m³ |
| 93 | Saint Martin (French part) | 0.6µg/m³ |
| 94 | Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | 0.6µg/m³ |
| 95 | South Africa | 0.6µg/m³ |
| 96 | Tajikistan | 0.6µg/m³ |
| 97 | Trinidad and Tobago | 0.6µg/m³ |
| 98 | Venezuela | 0.6µg/m³ |
| 99 | Albania | 0.6µg/m³ |
| 100 | Azerbaijan | 0.6µg/m³ |
| 101 | Comoros | 0.5µg/m³ |
| 102 | Costa Rica | 0.5µg/m³ |
| 103 | Croatia | 0.5µg/m³ |
| 104 | Ecuador | 0.5µg/m³ |
| 105 | Estonia | 0.5µg/m³ |
| 106 | Honduras | 0.5µg/m³ |
| 107 | Jamaica | 0.5µg/m³ |
| 108 | Kyrgyzstan | 0.5µg/m³ |
| 109 | Malta | 0.5µg/m³ |
| 110 | Moldova, Republic of | 0.5µg/m³ |
| 111 | Nicaragua | 0.5µg/m³ |
| 112 | Turkmenistan | 0.5µg/m³ |
| 113 | Antigua and Barbuda | 0.5µg/m³ |
| 114 | Bosnia and Herzegovina | 0.5µg/m³ |
| 115 | Cameroon | 0.4µg/m³ |
| 116 | Czech Republic | 0.4µg/m³ |
| 117 | Dominican Republic | 0.4µg/m³ |
| 118 | El Salvador | 0.4µg/m³ |
| 119 | Faroe Islands | 0.4µg/m³ |
| 120 | Falkland Islands (Malvinas) | 0.4µg/m³ |
| 121 | Fiji | 0.4µg/m³ |
| 122 | Georgia | 0.4µg/m³ |
| 123 | Germany | 0.4µg/m³ |
| 124 | Greece | 0.4µg/m³ |
| 125 | Haiti | 0.4µg/m³ |
| 126 | Hungary | 0.4µg/m³ |
| 127 | North Korea | 0.4µg/m³ |
| 128 | Latvia | 0.4µg/m³ |
| 129 | Lithuania | 0.4µg/m³ |
| 130 | Maldives | 0.4µg/m³ |
| 131 | Mauritius | 0.4µg/m³ |
| 132 | Poland | 0.4µg/m³ |
| 133 | Romania | 0.4µg/m³ |
| 134 | Serbia | 0.4µg/m³ |
| 135 | Slovakia | 0.4µg/m³ |
| 136 | Slovenia | 0.4µg/m³ |
| 137 | Spain | 0.4µg/m³ |
| 138 | Tunisia | 0.4µg/m³ |
| 139 | Ukraine | 0.4µg/m³ |
| 140 | The Republic of North Macedonia | 0.4µg/m³ |
| 141 | Bahamas | 0.4µg/m³ |
| 142 | Armenia | 0.4µg/m³ |
| 143 | Bulgaria | 0.3µg/m³ |
| 144 | Chile | 0.3µg/m³ |
| 145 | Finland | 0.3µg/m³ |
| 146 | France | 0.3µg/m³ |
| 147 | Iraq | 0.3µg/m³ |
| 148 | Japan | 0.3µg/m³ |
| 149 | South Korea | 0.3µg/m³ |
| 150 | Libya | 0.3µg/m³ |
| 151 | Montenegro | 0.3µg/m³ |
| 152 | Curaçao | 0.3µg/m³ |
| 153 | Aruba | 0.3µg/m³ |
| 154 | Sint Maarten (Dutch part) | 0.3µg/m³ |
| 155 | Norway | 0.3µg/m³ |
| 156 | Portugal | 0.3µg/m³ |
| 157 | Singapore | 0.3µg/m³ |
| 158 | Western Sahara | 0.3µg/m³ |
| 159 | Syrian Arab Republic | 0.3µg/m³ |
| 160 | Türkiye | 0.3µg/m³ |
| 161 | Samoa | 0.3µg/m³ |
| 162 | Argentina | 0.3µg/m³ |
| 163 | Belgium | 0.3µg/m³ |
| 164 | Cyprus | 0.2µg/m³ |
| 165 | Benin | 0.2µg/m³ |
| 166 | Denmark | 0.2µg/m³ |
| 167 | State of Palestine | 0.2µg/m³ |
| 168 | Ireland | 0.2µg/m³ |
| 169 | Israel | 0.2µg/m³ |
| 170 | Italy | 0.2µg/m³ |
| 171 | Jordan | 0.2µg/m³ |
| 172 | Kuwait | 0.2µg/m³ |
| 173 | Lebanon | 0.2µg/m³ |
| 174 | Luxembourg | 0.2µg/m³ |
| 175 | Monaco | 0.2µg/m³ |
| 176 | Oman | 0.2µg/m³ |
| 177 | Netherlands | 0.2µg/m³ |
| 178 | Qatar | 0.2µg/m³ |
| 179 | Saudi Arabia | 0.2µg/m³ |
| 180 | Sweden | 0.2µg/m³ |
| 181 | Switzerland | 0.2µg/m³ |
| 182 | United Arab Emirates | 0.2µg/m³ |
| 183 | United Kingdom | 0.2µg/m³ |
| 184 | Uruguay | 0.2µg/m³ |
| 185 | Bermuda | 0.2µg/m³ |
| 186 | Iceland | 0.1µg/m³ |
| 187 | Algeria | 0.1µg/m³ |
| 188 | Bahrain | 0.1µg/m³ |
| 189 | Barbados | 0.1µg/m³ |
| 190 | Bolivia | 0.1µg/m³ |
Showing 190 of 190 countries
Topics
Data Source
This data comes from Health Effects Institute (HEI) / Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME) — Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study (wildfire smoke PM2.5 exposure) (2021).
View Original Source