Maptheory
⚠️ Unconfirmedenvironmental2022

Mean annual surface ocean pH (at ~0 m depth)

Average surface-ocean acidity by country EEZ, based on CMIP6 ocean biogeochemistry reanalysis. Lower pH means more acidic oceans.

Source: World Bank (via CMIP6 ocean biogeochemistry, EEZ-aggregated indicator)•180 countries

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Key Insights

Global Average
8.0pH
Median: 8.0pH
Countries Covered
180
with available data
Highest
Croatia
8.1pH
Lowest
Solomon Islands
8.0pH
Top 5 Countries
1Croatia8.1pH
2Cyprus8.1pH
3Czech Republic8.1pH
4Georgia8.1pH
5Germany8.1pH
By Region
Europe8.1pH(31 countries)
Oceania8.1pH(2 countries)
South America8.0pH(6 countries)
Asia8.0pH(24 countries)
North America8.0pH(4 countries)
Key Findings
  • •Most countries’ EEZ-average surface-ocean pH clusters tightly around ~8.0–8.1, but even 0.05–0.10 differences can reflect sizable chemical changes.
  • •Lower pH (more acidic) tends to appear in regions influenced by upwelling and high-latitude CO₂ solubility.
  • •Island states with vast EEZs can have notably different averages from nearby continental coasts due to open-ocean conditions.

Country Rankings

Top 10 Countries

Bottom 10 Countries

Data Analysis

Value Distribution

How countries are distributed across the value range

Low (7.8pH)High (8.1pH)

Regional Comparison

Average values by world region (Global avg: 8.0pH)

Europe (31)
Oceania (2)
South America (6)
Asia (24)
North America (4)
Other (104)
Africa (9)

About This Statistic

This statistic reports the mean annual surface ocean pH (unitless) for waters within each country’s Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ). pH is a logarithmic measure of acidity; small numeric changes can reflect meaningful chemical shifts. Tracking surface-ocean pH is a widely used indicator of ocean acidification driven largely by absorption of anthropogenic CO₂.

Values are derived from gridded ocean biogeochemistry outputs (CMIP6-based) aggregated by EEZ boundaries to provide a country-comparable indicator. Countries with large ocean territories (e.g., island states) can show different pH patterns than neighboring landmasses because pH varies with temperature, circulation, upwelling, and regional carbon dynamics.

Full Data

Rank ↑Country ↕Value ↕
1Croatia8.1pH
2Cyprus8.1pH
3Czech Republic8.1pH
4Georgia8.1pH
5Germany8.1pH
6Kiribati8.1pH
7Greece8.1pH
8Hungary8.1pH
9Italy8.1pH
10Kuwait8.1pH
11Oman8.1pH
12Poland8.1pH
13Qatar8.1pH
14Saudi Arabia8.1pH
15Serbia8.1pH
16Slovakia8.1pH
17Slovenia8.1pH
18Country 7578.1pH
19United Arab Emirates8.1pH
20Türkiye8.1pH
21The Republic of North Macedonia8.1pH
22Azerbaijan8.1pH
23Bahrain8.1pH
24Belgium8.1pH
25Chile8.1pH
26Denmark8.1pH
27Estonia8.1pH
28Finland8.1pH
29France8.1pH
30State of Palestine8.1pH
31Iceland8.1pH
32Islamic Republic of Iran8.1pH
33Iraq8.1pH
34Ireland8.1pH
35Israel8.1pH
36Japan8.1pH
37Jordan8.1pH
38South Korea8.1pH
39Lebanon8.1pH
40Latvia8.1pH
41Lithuania8.1pH
42Luxembourg8.1pH
43Monaco8.1pH
44Montenegro8.1pH
45Netherlands8.1pH
46New Zealand8.1pH
47Norway8.1pH
48Portugal8.1pH
49Romania8.1pH
50Spain8.1pH
51Sweden8.1pH
52Syrian Arab Republic8.1pH
53Ukraine8.1pH
54United Kingdom8.1pH
55Uruguay8.1pH
56Albania8.1pH
57Argentina8.1pH
58Austria8.1pH
59Virgin Islands, British8.1pH
60Cape Verde8.1pH
61People's Republic of China8.1pH
62Gibraltar8.1pH
63Kazakhstan8.1pH
64Kyrgyzstan8.1pH
65Malta8.1pH
66Moldova, Republic of8.1pH
67Country 5308.1pH
68New Caledonia8.1pH
69Micronesia, Federated States of8.1pH
70Marshall Islands8.1pH
71Palau8.1pH
72Peru8.1pH
73Russian Federation8.1pH
74Tajikistan8.1pH
75Tonga8.1pH
76Turkmenistan8.1pH
77United States of America8.1pH
78Uzbekistan8.1pH
79Algeria8.1pH
80Australia8.1pH
81Bahamas8.1pH
82Barbados8.1pH
83Canada8.0pH
84Cayman Islands8.0pH
85Sri Lanka8.0pH
86Cuba8.0pH
87Dominican Republic8.0pH
88Haiti8.0pH
89Jamaica8.0pH
90Libya8.0pH
91Maldives8.0pH
92Mauritius8.0pH
93Mongolia8.0pH
94Morocco8.0pH
95Papua New Guinea8.0pH
96Paraguay8.0pH
97Saint Kitts and Nevis8.0pH
98Saint Lucia8.0pH
99Saint Vincent and the Grenadines8.0pH
100Singapore8.0pH
101Trinidad and Tobago8.0pH
102Tunisia8.0pH
103Egypt8.0pH
104Venezuela8.0pH
105Samoa8.0pH
106Antigua and Barbuda8.0pH
107Brunei Darussalam8.0pH
108Bulgaria8.0pH
109Cambodia8.0pH
110Colombia8.0pH
111Comoros8.0pH
112Costa Rica8.0pH
113Ecuador8.0pH
114El Salvador8.0pH
115Ethiopia8.0pH
116Djibouti8.0pH
117Guatemala8.0pH
118Honduras8.0pH
119Indonesia8.0pH
120Kenya8.0pH
121Lao People's Democratic Republic8.0pH
122Madagascar8.0pH
123Malaysia8.0pH
124Mexico8.0pH
125Mozambique8.0pH
126Nepal8.0pH
127Vanuatu8.0pH
128Nicaragua8.0pH
129Pakistan8.0pH
130Panama8.0pH
131Philippines8.0pH
132Timor-Leste8.0pH
133Seychelles8.0pH
134Vietnam8.0pH
135Somalia8.0pH
136South Africa8.0pH
137Zimbabwe8.0pH
138Suriname8.0pH
139Eswatini8.0pH
140Thailand8.0pH
141Uganda8.0pH
142United Republic of Tanzania8.0pH
143Yemen8.0pH
144Zambia8.0pH
145Afghanistan8.0pH
146Myanmar8.0pH
147Eritrea8.0pH
148Guyana8.0pH
149Lesotho8.0pH
150Malawi8.0pH
151Mauritania8.0pH
152Rwanda8.0pH
153Sudan8.0pH
154Tuvalu8.0pH
155Angola8.0pH
156Bangladesh8.0pH
157Gabon8.0pH
158Republic of The Gambia8.0pH
159Guinea8.0pH
160Cote d'Ivoire8.0pH
161Liberia8.0pH
162Namibia8.0pH
163Guinea-Bissau8.0pH
164Senegal8.0pH
165Sierra Leone8.0pH
166Togo8.0pH
167Belize8.0pH
168Burundi8.0pH
169Cameroon8.0pH
170Republic of the Congo8.0pH
171Benin8.0pH
172Ghana8.0pH
173Mali8.0pH
174Nigeria8.0pH
175Burkina Faso8.0pH
176Central African Republic8.0pH
177Democratic Republic of the Congo8.0pH
178Niger8.0pH
179Chad8.0pH
180Solomon Islands8.0pH
Showing 180 of 180 countries

Topics

#statistic-of-the-day#ai-generated#ocean#acidification#ph#co2#climate#marine#eez

Data Source

This data comes from World Bank (via CMIP6 ocean biogeochemistry, EEZ-aggregated indicator) (2022).

View Original Source