CO₂ emissions embodied in imports (consumption-based) — % of domestic CO₂ footprint
Share of a country’s consumption-based CO₂ footprint that occurs abroad to produce imported goods and services (%), based on OECD ICIO data.
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Key Insights
- •Small, trade-oriented economies often have very high imported-CO₂ shares (e.g., Luxembourg, Singapore, Malta).
- •Large manufacturing exporters typically show lower imported shares because more emissions occur domestically to meet both domestic and foreign demand.
- •The indicator helps reveal how consumer demand can drive emissions abroad even when domestic territorial emissions are declining.
Country Rankings
Top 10 Countries
Bottom 10 Countries
Data Analysis
Value Distribution
How countries are distributed across the value range
Regional Comparison
Average values by world region (Global avg: 39.5%)
Percentile Profile
The curve shows how values change from the lowest to the highest country. Steep sections reveal inequality or outliers.
About This Statistic
This statistic measures how much of a country’s consumption-based CO₂ footprint is generated outside its borders in the production of imported goods and services. It highlights the difference between territorial (production-based) emissions and the emissions driven by what residents consume.
High values typically occur in economies that import many manufactured or carbon-intensive products, while resource- and manufacturing-exporting countries often have lower shares because more emissions occur domestically (and may be exported in goods). It is a useful lens for understanding “carbon leakage,” supply-chain emissions, and the climate impact of trade.
Full Data
| Rank ↑ | Country ↕ | Value ↕ |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Maldives | 88.0% |
| 2 | Luxembourg | 86.0% |
| 3 | Taiwan, Province of China | 84.0% |
| 4 | Malta | 80.4% |
| 5 | Singapore | 79.0% |
| 6 | Belgium | 76.2% |
| 7 | Netherlands | 76.0% |
| 8 | Tunisia | 66.0% |
| 9 | Qatar | 64.0% |
| 10 | Denmark | 63.8% |
| 11 | Slovenia | 63.5% |
| 12 | Estonia | 62.4% |
| 13 | Ireland | 62.0% |
| 14 | Latvia | 61.9% |
| 15 | Hungary | 61.0% |
| 16 | Lebanon | 61.0% |
| 17 | Lithuania | 60.4% |
| 18 | State of Palestine | 60.0% |
| 19 | Switzerland | 59.9% |
| 20 | Portugal | 58.9% |
| 21 | Austria | 58.5% |
| 22 | Somalia | 58.0% |
| 23 | Israel | 55.8% |
| 24 | Iceland | 55.6% |
| 25 | Slovakia | 55.5% |
| 26 | Philippines | 55.0% |
| 27 | Costa Rica | 54.1% |
| 28 | Panama | 54.0% |
| 29 | Malaysia | 52.0% |
| 30 | The Republic of North Macedonia | 52.0% |
| 31 | Cyprus | 51.0% |
| 32 | Lao People's Democratic Republic | 50.0% |
| 33 | United Kingdom | 49.9% |
| 34 | Sri Lanka | 49.5% |
| 35 | Greece | 49.3% |
| 36 | Cambodia | 49.0% |
| 37 | Sweden | 45.8% |
| 38 | Czech Republic | 45.0% |
| 39 | Georgia | 44.0% |
| 40 | Poland | 44.0% |
| 41 | Nicaragua | 43.0% |
| 42 | Thailand | 43.0% |
| 43 | Kyrgyzstan | 41.0% |
| 44 | Spain | 39.4% |
| 45 | France | 36.8% |
| 46 | Finland | 36.2% |
| 47 | Romania | 34.9% |
| 48 | Morocco | 34.0% |
| 49 | Armenia | 34.0% |
| 50 | Australia | 33.7% |
| 51 | Germany | 33.4% |
| 52 | New Zealand | 31.9% |
| 53 | Canada | 31.6% |
| 54 | Myanmar | 31.5% |
| 55 | Chile | 31.0% |
| 56 | Bulgaria | 30.1% |
| 57 | Italy | 29.6% |
| 58 | Norway | 29.0% |
| 59 | Vietnam | 28.0% |
| 60 | Zimbabwe | 28.0% |
| 61 | Ethiopia | 27.0% |
| 62 | Senegal | 27.0% |
| 63 | Saudi Arabia | 26.0% |
| 64 | South Korea | 24.7% |
| 65 | Colombia | 24.6% |
| 66 | Uzbekistan | 23.5% |
| 67 | Türkiye | 23.0% |
| 68 | Libya | 22.0% |
| 69 | Burkina Faso | 22.0% |
| 70 | Pakistan | 21.0% |
| 71 | Kazakhstan | 20.0% |
| 72 | Uganda | 20.0% |
| 73 | Egypt | 19.0% |
| 74 | Indonesia | 18.7% |
| 75 | Japan | 18.5% |
| 76 | Cameroon | 18.0% |
| 77 | Peru | 18.0% |
| 78 | United Republic of Tanzania | 18.0% |
| 79 | Yemen | 18.0% |
| 80 | Argentina | 17.1% |
| 81 | Mongolia | 16.0% |
| 82 | United States of America | 16.0% |
| 83 | People's Republic of China | 15.3% |
| 84 | Mexico | 15.2% |
| 85 | Uruguay | 14.3% |
| 86 | Bolivia | 13.0% |
| 87 | Islamic Republic of Iran | 12.5% |
| 88 | Brazil | 12.1% |
| 89 | Iraq | 12.0% |
| 90 | Russian Federation | 10.2% |
| 91 | South Africa | 10.0% |
| 92 | Belarus | 9.0% |
| 93 | Nigeria | 9.0% |
Topics
Data Source
This data comes from OECD (Trade in embodied CO₂ / Consumption-based CO₂ accounts; ICIO-based) (2021).
View Original Source