⚠️ Unconfirmedhealth2016

Antibiotics obtainable without prescription (proxy: non‑prescription acquisition reported)

Binary indicator (1/0) based on surveys: 1 if ≥5% of antibiotic users report obtaining antibiotics without a prescription; else 0.

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Key Insights

Global Average
0.60/1
Median: 1.00/1
Countries Covered
49
with available data
Highest
Bulgaria
1.00/1
Lowest
Belgium
0.00/1
Top 5 Countries
1Bulgaria1.00/1
2Cambodia1.00/1
3Croatia1.00/1
4Cyprus1.00/1
5Greece1.00/1
By Region
Africa1.00/1(4 countries)
Asia0.80/1(6 countries)
Other0.50/1(11 countries)
Europe0.50/1(24 countries)
North America0.50/1(2 countries)
Key Findings
  • Many countries show meaningful non-prescription acquisition (flag=1), indicating that practical OTC access is common even where prescription-only rules may exist.
  • Within Europe (Eurobarometer), several countries are flagged 1 (e.g., Greece, Romania, Bulgaria, Italy, Spain), while many Northern/Western countries are flagged 0 under the ≥5% threshold.
  • Several WHO-survey countries show high prevalence (e.g., Sudan, Kenya, Nigeria), reinforcing that enforcement and informal access can be major drivers of non-prescription antibiotic use.

Country Rankings

Top 10 Countries

Bottom 10 Countries

Data Analysis

Value Distribution

How countries are distributed across the value range

Low (0.00/1)High (1.00/1)

Regional Comparison

Average values by world region (Global avg: 0.60/1)

Africa (4)
Asia (6)
Other (11)
Europe (24)
North America (2)
South America (2)

About This Statistic

A single official, global, country-by-country 1/0 dataset for whether antibiotics “can be bought without a prescription” is rarely available because laws and enforcement differ from real-world practice. To produce a comparable map-ready indicator, this statistic uses large, harmonized population surveys that ask antibiotic users whether they obtained antibiotics without a prescription.

Values are binarized using a practical-access threshold: countries are coded 1 if the surveyed share of antibiotic users who obtained antibiotics without a prescription is at least 5% (suggesting meaningful OTC/non-prescription access in practice), and 0 otherwise. Data are primarily from the WHO 2015 multi-country public awareness survey and the Eurobarometer 445 antimicrobial resistance survey (2016) for European countries.

Methodology

Step 1: Take country percentages from (a) WHO 2015 multi-country survey: % of respondents (who took antibiotics) whose last antibiotics were obtained without a prescription; and (b) Eurobarometer 445 (2016): % of antibiotic users in past 12 months who obtained antibiotics without a prescription. Step 2: Convert percent to binary flag using a threshold: value=1 if percent ≥ 5%; else value=0. Step 3: Combine both sources into a single country list (noting different survey years and question framing).

Full Data

Rank Country Value
1Bulgaria1.00/1
2Cambodia1.00/1
3Croatia1.00/1
4Cyprus1.00/1
5Greece1.00/1
6Hong Kong1.00/1
7Hungary1.00/1
8Indonesia1.00/1
9Italy1.00/1
10Kenya1.00/1
11Lao People's Democratic Republic1.00/1
12Lithuania1.00/1
13Mexico1.00/1
14Morocco1.00/1
15Nigeria1.00/1
16Pakistan1.00/1
17Poland1.00/1
18Portugal1.00/1
19Romania1.00/1
20Russian Federation1.00/1
21Serbia1.00/1
22Vietnam1.00/1
23South Africa1.00/1
24Sudan1.00/1
25Thailand1.00/1
26Ukraine1.00/1
27Albania1.00/1
28Andorra1.00/1
29Austria1.00/1
30Brazil1.00/1
31Belarus0.00/1
32Czech Republic0.00/1
33Denmark0.00/1
34France0.00/1
35Germany0.00/1
36Ireland0.00/1
37Kazakhstan0.00/1
38Kyrgyzstan0.00/1
39Latvia0.00/1
40Netherlands0.00/1
41Slovakia0.00/1
42Sweden0.00/1
43Tunisia0.00/1
44Türkiye0.00/1
45United Kingdom0.00/1
46United States of America0.00/1
47Uruguay0.00/1
48Azerbaijan0.00/1
49Belgium0.00/1
Showing 49 of 49 countries

Topics

Data Source

This data comes from WHO (2015) Multi-country public awareness survey; European Commission Eurobarometer 445 (2016) (2016).

View Original Source